Clinical study of the tolerability of calcium carbonate–casein microcapsules as a dietary supplement in a group of postmenopausal women

Abstract

Background: Calcium is an essential macronutrient; however, currently supplements are often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events. The authors investigated the tolerability of a new delivery system for calcium supplementation, based on the functionalization of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) particles by casein proteins, in a randomized, prospective, double-blind, active comparator clinical trial.

Methods: Around 208 postmenopausal women were enrolled and randomized 1:1:1:1 to one of the four calcium supplements, taken for 30 days: (1) microencapsulated CaCO₃ (microCaCO₃) with a 90:10 mineral to protein ratio; (2) microCaCO₃ with a 95:5 mineral to protein ratio; (3) conventional CaCO₃ tablets; and (4) calcium citrate tablets (CaCitr). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the GI tolerability and the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) to analyze the satisfaction of the participants with the use of the calcium supplements.

Results: The mean GSRS scores at baseline differed among the groups from 3.95 to 5.35 without statistical significance. After 1 month use of supplements, the group given microCaCO₃ with a 90:10 mineral to protein ratio, showed the lowest mean GSRS score (6.07), while the group given conventional CaCO₃ showed the highest score (11.86). According to the completed TSQM questionnaire, the use of supplements was easier for both microCaCO₃ groups in comparison with conventional supplements.

Conclusions: The microCaCO₃ supplement has shown promising results in the context of GI tolerability and patient satisfaction in the use of supplements compared to conventional calcium supplements. The reduction of GI adverse events may increase the compliance to calcium supplements especially important among groups at risk of calcium deficiency.